Many studies have found evidence of conditioning-induced nocebo hyperalgesia. However, these studies have exclusively involved continuous reinforcement schedules. Thus, it is currently unknown whether nocebo hyperalgesia can result following partial reinforcement. We tested this using electrodermal pain stimulation in healthy volunteers. Undergraduates (n=135) received nocebo treatment under the guise of a hyperalgesic. Participants were randomly allocated to continuous reinforcement (CRF), partial reinforcement (PRF), or control (no conditioning).
from The Journal of Pain http://ift.tt/1UM6BdI
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