Pain relief reverses hippocampal abnormalities in trigeminal neuralgia

Chronic pain adversely affects cognitive performance and significantly impacts quality of life 58,63. Chronic pain patients frequently experience poor memory and concentration, often accompanied by increased anxiety and depression 3,8,14,15,23,35–37,40,57,64,66–68,74,75,82,85,90,102. The hippocampal formation consists of anatomically and functionally distinct subfields including the subiculum, Cornu Ammonis (CA1 – CA4), and dentate gyrus (DG). These subcortical regions play a significant role in memory formation 51, emotional processing, and stress modulation 103.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3fHLvyJ
via IFTTT

Anger as a mechanism of injustice appraisals in pediatric chronic pain

Pain-related injustice appraisals focus on pain severity, irreparable loss, and blame and unfairness surrounding pain-related suffering [71]. These appraisals have been identified as an important cognitive-emotional factor in the pain experience of adults [12,40,41,59,64,72,73,74,77,90] and, more recently, children [2,17,46,47,48,49, Miller, 2019]. Pain-related injustice is associated with worse functioning for youth with chronic pain [2,17,46,47,48,49,Miller, 2019]. In a cross-sectional study by Miller and colleagues [47], pain-related injustice predicted unique variability in physical disability and emotional, social, and school functioning – over and above that of catastrophizing.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3jyiCG9
via IFTTT

Pupillary reflexes in complex regional pain syndrome: asymmetry to arousal stimuli suggests an ipsilateral locus coeruleus deficit

In complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the initial response to limb injury evolves into an intractably painful condition associated with sensory, autonomic, motor and trophic disturbances 5,41. Sensory disturbances often encompass much of the body, particularly on the affected side 10-12,15,39, possibly due to central sensitization and/or failure of inhibitory pain controls.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/37oHCdg
via IFTTT

Cross-national trends of chronic back pain in adolescents: results from the HBSC study, 2001-2014

Back pain is a common chronic pain problem in adolescents [20,22]. Moreover, back pain and chronic back pain in children and adolescents is associated with lower levels of well-being, higher medical care requirements and costs, and functional limitations [1,12,13,28,33,35]. A review of 27 systematic reviews on back pain in children and adolescents found that its monthly prevalence ranges from 18% to 24%. In most, but not all, of the reviews, the prevalence of back pain was higher for girls than boys, and increased with age [23].

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3jcwoyc
via IFTTT

Characterization of Hyperacute Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Study

The vast majority of individuals with longstanding spinal cord injury (SCI) report chronic pain11, and about 50% have neuropathic pain37. Compared to other forms of pain (e.g., musculoskeletal), neuropathic pain is often more severe and refractory to conventional pharmacological interventions15. The negative impact on quality of life and societal burden (e.g., healthcare expenses) highlights the unmet and urgent need for novel therapies33, 40.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3hScI32
via IFTTT

Worst Pain Severity Profiles of Oncology Patients Are Associated with Significant Stress and Multiple Co-Occurring Symptoms

Unrelieved pain occurs in approximately 55% of oncology patients during active treatment and over 35% of these patients report moderate to severe pain.111 Outpatients receiving chemotherapy can experience pain as a result of the cancer itself, associated treatments (e.g., chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, aromatase inhibitors-induced arthralgia, granulocyte-colony stimulating factors-induced bone pain), and/or other comorbid conditions (e.g., musculoskeletal disorders).22, 77, 88, 108 Despite the tremendous symptom burden associated with unrelieved pain, as well as the significant decrements in quality of life (QOL) and overall survival,114 numerous studies found that oncology outpatients do not receive adequate pain management.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3BnFb8D
via IFTTT

Pediatric pain screening tool: A simple 9-item questionnaire predicts functional and chronic postsurgical pain outcomes after major musculoskeletal surgeries

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an important entity recognized as a diagnosis in International Classification of Diseases, ICD-1144;55 and a sizable problem in children with an incidence of 14.5-38%.28 Chronic pain in children is knoen to lead to significant functional disability, poor quality of life23;39, and increased health care costs.14;41 Chronic pain also increases the risk of anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in children and their parents.51 Hence, ability to predict CPSP risk is critical to enable initiation of preventive strategies in high-risk patients.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3wOvCMm
via IFTTT

Cognitive Biases in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Pain

Pain is a common problem in diabetes. Almost 60% of individuals with diabetes experience persistent pain, frequently in the form of neuropathic pain 4. Further, individuals with diabetes who experience pain tend to have worse physical functioning and mental health than individuals without pain 4,22. As Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes, representing approximately 90% of diabetes cases 46, identifying the factors that contribute to pain and associated disability in individuals with T2D is essential for developing effective treatments.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3envVaE
via IFTTT

Applying the NIA Health Disparities Research Framework to Identify Needs and Opportunities in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Research

Chronic musculoskeletal pain, pain experienced in areas of the body involving muscles, joints, ligaments, and/or tendons; affects 116 million Americans and is a leading cause of disability, loss of work, and loss of participation in life activities10, 33, 39, 103. A number of factors contribute toward the development and persistence of chronic musculoskeletal pain: biological (co-morbidities and age-related health changes); sociocultural (depression, anxiety, coping patterns, and social support); behavioral (smoking, lack of exercise, and poor-quality diet); and environmental (low education, lack of quality health care, and poverty)19, 46, 102, 105, 121, 155.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3rgLOVF
via IFTTT

The Pediatric Pain Screening Tool (PPST) can Rapidly Identify Elevated Pain and Psychosocial Symptomatology in Treatment-Seeking Youth with Acute Musculoskeletal Pain

Acute musculoskeletal pain is common during childhood and adolescence13, 14. While many youth with acute pain recover from symptoms, data suggest 30% develop persistent musculoskeletal pain11. Given data showing factors such as sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and pain-related fear are associated with pain-related disability and quality of life in the acute pain period2, 10, screening for elevated pain and psychosocial symptomatology in the acute care setting is important. While preventive interventions for youth with acute musculoskeletal pain have not been developed, data gathered in the acute care setting can inform provider anticipatory guidance (e.g., education about known associations among pain, mood and sleep; recommendations for activity engagement, use of evidence-based biobehavioral pain management strategies).

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3xwWB0e
via IFTTT

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Biopsychosocial Pain Education upon Health Care Professional Pain Attitudes, Knowledge, Behaviour and Patient Outcomes

Chronic pain is a highly prevalent condition and a major contributor to global disability.19,33,43,54 Chronic pain can have a significant impact upon the lives of patients, their families, workplaces and health care services.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/2UkWDcS
via IFTTT

The Imperative for Racial Equality in Pain Science: A Way Forward

In the United states, 2020 was an extraordinarily polarizing year characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic, social epidemics (i.e., racial violence, opioid crisis), and natural disasters. The public execution of a Black American man, George Floyd, at the hands of law enforcement, revealed anew the insidious, dehumanizing, and unacceptable impact of physical trauma, structural violence, systemic racism and social injustice, long overdue for acknowledgement and change. Many of us who conduct research on health disparities have found it increasingly difficult to reconcile this senseless act (and so many others) with the direction of our own programs of disparities and equity research.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3y7azpv
via IFTTT

Cannabidiol Product Dosing and Decision-Making in a National Survey of Individuals with Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common condition affecting 2-4% of the population that is characterized by widespread pain and a cluster of co-occurring symptoms, including fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction.2, 18 Managing FM is challenging due to modest effects of approved fibromyalgia medications17, 30 and limited access to non-pharmacological therapies.4 As medical cannabis has become more available in the US,7 many individuals with FM have reported using cannabis-based medicines for symptom management.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/368yQiN
via IFTTT

Association between Pain Intensity and Discontinuing Opioid Therapy or Transitioning to Intermittent Opioid Therapy after Initial Long-Term Opioid Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

With greater awareness of opioid harms and emerging evidence that long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) may not be more effective than other treatments for chronic, non-cancer pain (CNCP),4,19 prescribers are frequently confronted with decisions about discontinuing or tapering patients’ opioid regimens. To inform these decisions, prescribers and patients need information about effects of opioid reduction on patients’ pain.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/35RrUXk
via IFTTT

Slowing in peak-alpha frequency recorded after experimentally-induced muscle pain is not significantly different between high and low pain-sensitive subjects

Acute muscle pain serves an important protective function in preventing or limiting muscle damage. However, often in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, muscle pain no longer serves protective functions but may be associated with abnormal brain responses24,55. Functional and structural brain imaging studies have recently demonstrated that increased perception of chronic musculoskeletal pain is associated with altered activity of neural networks3,4 and grey matter thickness of several cortical regions1,52.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3w6Mk9H
via IFTTT

The Role of Skin Mast Cells in Acupuncture Induced Analgesia in Animals: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.62 Pain sensation is considered indispensable to survival, leading to the protective behavior necessary to enable injured tissues to heal.1 It is a major symptom of many medical conditions and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning.2, 6 The mechanism and regulation of pain includes the operation of noxious stimulus to pain receptors and their process and conduction to the central nervous system.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3h8rgtA
via IFTTT

Increased GABA+ in people with migraine, headache and pain conditions- a potential marker of pain

Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, when considering both migraine and musculoskeletal pain conditions such as low back pain82. Randomised controlled trials in musculoskeletal pain40,81 and headache conditions13, 71, 78, have investigated numerous approaches to reduce the burden of chronic pain. However, results remain modest with some patients failing to respond to interventions17, 34, 68, 74. It is not fully understood why some people fail to recover from an initial onset of pain.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3vVdpMP
via IFTTT

Characteristics and Network Influence of Providers Involved in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Back, Neck or Joint Pain in Arkansas

Four out of five US adults are diagnosed with back pain at some point in their lifetime,27 making back pain among the top five conditions for seeking primary care.15 It is estimated that most of the cases involving non-specific back pain improve within a month, suggesting the lack of need for intensive treatment such as imaging, specialist visits, or initiating opioid treatment.14 Moreover, guidelines and studies have emphasized the role of alternative pharmacotherapies and non-pharmacological treatments for the treatment of back and joint pain.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3vKJWoR
via IFTTT

Moderate to severe chronic pain in later life: risk and resilience factors for recovery

Chronic pain, generally defined as pain persisting beyond a normal healing time, is associated with higher mortality, lower quality of life, and substantial health burden.15, 47, 56 Overall, chronic pain increases with age,16 with risk factors among older adults including advanced age, female gender, lower socioeconomic status (SES), poor health, and previous pain history.10, 13, 50 However, rather than a lifelong condition, chronic pain can come and go. Despite research on the risk factors of chronic pain development in later life, there has been little focus on the process of recovery.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3vKv21D
via IFTTT

Attentional Biases Towards Body Expressions of Pain in Men and Women

Psychosocial approaches often focus on cognitive and emotional factors to help understand the variation in men and women's pain19,20. For example, anxiety has been found to be more strongly related to pain in men, whereas depression has a stronger relationship with pain in women17,36,44. In experimental studies, focusing attention on pain sensations has also been shown to increase the pain thresholds of men more than women 34, 35, whereas women report more negative pain thoughts, greater negative appraisals of body signals, and higher cognitive intrusion from pain33,49.

from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3qgwHLq
via IFTTT