Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is often defined as pain that lasts beyond 3-6 months post-surgery, in the absence of other preexisting problems or postoperative complications.46,77 In children, the median prevalence of CPSP is 20%,57 however the incidence ranges from 11-54% after spine fusion,9,40,66 a painful surgery that adolescents undergo. CPSP involves multiple peripheral and central signaling and modulatory pathways regulated by genes.32 While chronic pain conditions have a heritable risk of 45%,78 and genetic factors explain some of the individual differences in pain perception,1,53 a genetic basis for CPSP has been elusive,35 attributed partly to lack of replicability38 and inconsistent findings61 in genetic association studies,4,74 and lack of consideration of gene-environmental interactions.
from The Journal of Pain http://bit.ly/2CZzykK
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