Pediatric chronic pain has long been examined through the lens of the biopsychosocial model.21,43 However, there is limited research with pediatric populations on the influences of broad social factors such as sociodemographic and environmental variables on chronic pain. Research with adults demonstrates that female sex, minority race/ethnicity, economic disadvantage, neighborhood risk, violence exposure, concerns about safety, and social isolation increases risk for chronic pain.35,45,46 It is critical to better understand the influence of sociodemographic and environmental risk factors on pediatric chronic pain in order to direct prevention and treatment efforts.
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