Effect of physical exercise on musculoskeletal pain in multiple body regions among healthcare workers: Secondary analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial

While physical exercise is beneficial for back and neck-shoulder pain, only few intervention studies have evaluated effects on pain in multiple body regions. Furthermore, direct measurement of pain threshold can provide additional information to self-reported pain intensity.

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Clinical classification criteria for nonspecific low back pain: A Delphi-survey of clinical experts

Nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) is a common problem. Attempts have been made to classify NSLBP patients into homogenous subgroups. Classification systems based on identifying the underlying mechanism(s) driving the disorder are clinically useful to guide specific interventions.

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Trunk sway response to consecutive slip perturbations between subjects with and without recurrent low back pain

Trunk sway responses following perturbations are critical to develop adequate prevention strategies. It is unclear how postural responses with a handheld task can validly be transferred to treadmill-induced slip perturbations in subjects with recurrent low back pain (LBP).

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Concurrent validity and interrater reliability of a new smartphone application to assess 3D active cervical range of motion in patients with neck pain

There is a lack of valid, reliable, and feasible instruments for measuring planar active cervical range of motion (aCROM) and associated 3D coupling motions in patients with neck pain. Smartphones have advanced sensors and appear to be suitable for these measurements.

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The effects of walking intervention in patients with chronic low back pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to gain insight into the effectiveness of walking intervention on pain, disability, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) at post intervention and follow ups.

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Association between lumbopelvic pain and pelvic floor dysfunction in women: A cross sectional study

The prevalence, cost and disability associated with lumbopelvic pain continues to rise despite the range of available therapeutic interventions, indicating a deficiency in current approaches. A literature base highlighting a correlation between lumbopelvic pain and pelvic floor function is developing; however, the features that characterize this correlation have yet to be fully established.

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Identifying risk factors for first-episode neck pain: A systematic review

Neck pain affects 15.1% of the United States' general population every 3 months, and ranks fourth in global disability. Because of the tendency for neck pain to become a chronic issue, it is important to identify risk factors that could encourage prevention and early diagnosis. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify risk factors for a first episode of neck pain. Three databases were searched with key words such as “neck pain” and “first incidence.” Risk factors from the resulting articles were reported as either a physical or psychosocial risk factor and ranked by the strength of their odds/risk/hazard ratio: <1.0 (protective factor), 1.0–1.5 (minor risk), 1.5–2.0 (moderate risk), or 2.0+ (major risk).

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Tactile acuity is reduced in people with chronic neck pain

Tactile acuity deficits have been demonstrated in a range of persistent pain conditions and may reflect underlying cortical re-organisation.

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Lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoid volume in individuals with whiplash associated disorder: A case-control study

Lateral atlantoaxial (LAA) joints are established sources of nociceptive input in chronic whiplash associated disorder (WAD). These joints contain intra-articular meniscoids that may be damaged in whiplash trauma. LAA joint meniscoid morphology has not been investigated comprehensively in a chronic WAD population, and it is unclear whether morphological differences exist compared to a pain-free population.

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Test–retest reliability of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit analysis in people with and without chronic non-specific low back pain

Sit-to-stand (STD) and stand-to-sit (SIT) analysis can provide information on functional independence in daily activities in patients with low back pain (LBP). However, in order for measurements to be clinically useful, data on psychometric properties should be available.

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Considerations to improve the safety of cervical spine manual therapy

Manipulation and mobilisation of the cervical spine are well established interventions in the management of patients with headache and/or neck pain. However, their benefits are accompanied by potential, yet rare risks in terms of serious adverse events, including neurovascular insult to the brain. A recent international framework for risk assessment and management offers directions in the mitigation of this risk by facilitating sound clinical reasoning. The aim of this article is to critically reflect on and summarize the current knowledge about cervical spine manual therapy and to provide guidance for clinical reasoning for cervical spine manual therapy.

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Validity of clinical measures of smooth pursuit eye movement control in patients with idiopathic neck pain

Electrooculography is useful in detecting smooth pursuit neck torsion (SPNT) abnormalities in patients with neck pain, however, a validated, clinically relevant measure is lacking.

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Thoracic manual therapy is not more effective than placebo thoracic manual therapy in patients with shoulder dysfunctions: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Manual treatments targeting different regions (shoulder, cervical spine, thoracic spine, ribs) have been studied to deal with patients complaining of shoulder pain. Thoracic manual treatments seem able to produce beneficial effects on this group of patients. However, it is not clear whether the patient improvement is a consequence of thoracic manual therapy or a placebo effect.

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Reliability of surface electromyography activity of gluteal and hamstring muscles during sub-maximal and maximal voluntary isometric contractions

Normalizing to a reference signal is essential when analysing and comparing electromyography signals across or within individuals. However, studies have shown that MVC testing may not be as reliable in persons with acute and chronic pain.

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The development of the Dutch version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire

Disturbed body perception may play a role in the aetiology of chronic low back pain (LBP). The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) is currently the only self-report questionnaire to assess back-specific body perception in individuals with LBP.

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Contraction of the transverse abdominal muscle in pelvic girdle pain is enhanced by pain provocation during the task

Understanding of the pathogenesis of pain in the lumbopelvic region remains a challenge. It is suggested that lumbopelvic pain is related to decreased contraction of the transverse abdominal muscles (TrA).

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Influence of neck torsion on near point convergence in subjects with idiopathic neck pain

People with neck pain (NP) experience sensorimotor and oculomotor deficits thought to be due to abnormal cervical afferent input. Convergence insufficiency (CI) measured by near point convergence (NPC) may be a feature in NP and neck torsion might help to differentiate a cervical cause.

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Investigation of four self-report instruments (FABT, TSK-HC, Back-PAQ, HC-PAIRS) to measure healthcare practitioners' attitudes and beliefs toward low back pain: Reliability, convergent validity and survey of New Zealand osteopaths and manipulative physiotherapists

Healthcare practitioner beliefs influence advice and management provided to patients with back pain. Several instruments measuring practitioner beliefs have been developed but psychometric properties for some have not been investigated.

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Within/between-session reliability and agreement of lumbopelvic kinematics in the sagittal plane during functional movement control tasks in healthy persons

A lack of adequate lumbopelvic movement control has been suggested as an underlying mechanism contributing to the development and persistence of low back pain and lower limb pathologies. The purpose of this study was to assess the within and between session reliability (i.e. the ability to discriminate between subjects), and the agreement (i.e. whether scores are identical on repeated measures) of lumbopelvic kinematics in the sagittal plane during functional movement control tasks. Kinematics were measured with a portable inertial measurement unit system.

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Tactile acuity in the neck: Calling for more basic science research

Sensory discrimination testing and training (SDT) has recently been increasingly discussed (Moseley and Flor, 2012) and studied (Adamczyk et al., 2017; Catley et al., 2014; Kälin et al., 2016). The underlying assumptions are: 1) central nervous system alterations contribute to chronic pain, 2) cortical reorganisation can be assessed by measuring tactile acuity, and 3) sensory discrimination training improves tactile acuity and cortical functions and has an analgesic effect. Only some of these assumptions have been tested in limited specific disorders i.e.

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