Chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes are extremely common and increase in incidence with age, affecting ∼40% of Americans over the age of 65 years.39 They are associated with a marked decrease in quality of life 48 and high economic cost, related to health care expenses, compensation and disability.18 While several studies have shown that a history of early-life stress is an important risk factor for chronic musculoskeletal pain,14,22,37,51,56,66 the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood.
from The Journal of Pain https://ift.tt/3qRYzVB
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