Concordance of phantom- and residual limb pain phenotypes in double amputees: evidence for the contribution of distinct and common individual factors

Most, but not all, limb amputees develop phantom limb pain (PLP) and/or residual limb pain (RLP), and large inter-individual differences in pain intensity and course are apparent. The present cross-sectional study of 122 double amputees investigated the possible role of genetic factors in PLP and RLP, assuming that strong individual predisposition will result in high intra-individual concordance in pain phenotype. Intra-individual concordance was observed in 116 (95%) subjects for development of PLP; and in 110 subjects (90%) for development of RLP.

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