Fibromyalgia encompasses symptoms of central sensitization syndrome (CSS)26 such as increased levels of emotional distress, sleep disorders, depressed mood, catastrophizing thinking, cognitive deficits, and memory impairment58 However, according to systematic reviews, the pharmacologic treatments have a limited role in a substantial number of fibromyalgia patients.22,23 A new option with growing evidence for fibromyalgia treatment is the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Its effect is likely sensible to the neuroplastic state, as demonstrated in recent studies in the fibromyalgia serum brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) predicted the tDCS effect on the short-term memory42 and improvement the disability due to pain after hallux valgus surgery.
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