Assessment and treatment recommendations for pediatric pain: the influence of patient race, patient gender, and provider pain-related attitudes

Previous studies in adults have documented that racial minorities and women receive poorer pain care than their demographic counterparts.4,34,39,57,60 Suboptimal pain care negatively impacts patient functioning and quality of life,6,12,47,49,51,58 particularly for racial minorities and females who already face numerous barriers to maintaining a high quality of life [6,12,47,49,51,58,]. Biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to disparities in pain care. Providers contribute to these disparities when their pain-related decision-making systematically varies across patient groups.

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