Heterogeneity of treatment effects in a randomized trial of literacy-adapted group cognitive-behavioral therapy, pain psychoeducation, and usual medical care for multiply disadvantaged patients with chronic pain

Chronic pain affects over 100 million American adults, costing up to $635 billion annually.27,28 Although recent advances have increased our understanding of treatment efficacy for chronic pain, about 40% of individuals report inadequate pain relief.7 Many individuals suffer from the negative effects of chronic pain, such as frequent absence from work and unemployment,6,19 limitations in physical activities,54 disability,47 decreased social interactions and/or perceived support,9,12 depression35 and anxiety.

from The Journal of Pain http://bit.ly/2IyFUvt
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