Identifying and Engaging Neuronal Oscillations by Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Pilot Study

Chronic pain is associated with pathological changes in neuronal activity over somatosensory, insular, cingulate, and prefrontal cortices.46 These brain regions play a fundamental role in the processing of pain.32,51,57 Several electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies have shown that patients with chronic pain exhibit abnormal neuronal oscillations.43,55 In particular, pathologically increased theta oscillations (4-8Hz) 34,48,49,53,58 have motivated a conceptual framework of thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia (TCD) in chronic pain.

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