Research among adult and pediatric samples suggests that pain-related injustice appraisal - an appraisal comprising elements of severity and irreparability of pain-related loss, as well as perceived blame and unfairness50 – contribute significantly and uniquely to adverse pain outcomes.34,47,50,51,53,54 However, despite continuing advances, research has been largely restricted to an intrapersonal perspective, utilizing the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ49) to examine individuals’ (in)justice appraisals regarding personal pain.
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