Painful Temporomandibular Disorder is Associated with Migraine in Adolescents: a case-control study

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to alterations or dysfunctions in the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and associated structures.49 It has been demonstrated that migraine and painful TMD are comorbid in adults, while tension-type headache (TTH), the most common headache subtype, is not.8,19,21–23 Migraine, TTH, and TMD are also highly prevalent in adolescents.1,40

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