Pain-related injustice appraisals focus on pain severity, irreparable loss, and blame and unfairness surrounding pain-related suffering [71]. These appraisals have been identified as an important cognitive-emotional factor in the pain experience of adults [12,40,41,59,64,72,73,74,77,90] and, more recently, children [2,17,46,47,48,49, Miller, 2019]. Pain-related injustice is associated with worse functioning for youth with chronic pain [2,17,46,47,48,49,Miller, 2019]. In a cross-sectional study by Miller and colleagues [47], pain-related injustice predicted unique variability in physical disability and emotional, social, and school functioning – over and above that of catastrophizing.
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