Attentional bias is one of the most studied information-processing biases in chronic pain research.14,22,42,52,55,57 However, recent meta-studies of attentional bias showed that the effect size of attentional bias to pain words was small for patients with chronic pain (Cohen's d = .14) and provided no support for an association between attentional bias and theoretically important constructs, such as pain intensity and anxiety.11,66 These results may explain the inconsistent result of attention bias modification (ABM) which trains participants to focus their attention away from pain words.
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